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Mid Motors for Electric Bicycles: Differences Between Speed and Torque Motors

More and more customers want to understand which type of power assist sensor for electric assist bicycles suits them, and how to choose one that fits their riding habits and routes. The biggest indicator of a good electric assist bicycle is who can better sense the rider's riding condition to provide appropriate assistance. Today, let's talk about mid motor assist.


Mid Motor Assist Sensor


As the name implies, the "mid-drive" motor is located in the middle of the frame, so the center of gravity of the vehicle is still in the middle, which does not affect the balance of fast driving, and there is no need to arrange additional battery weight for counterweight. Therefore, most new models on the market today place or even hide the battery in the down tube area of the frame.


On the other hand, the power action is only located at the bottom bracket - crank - chainring, which normally simulates the pedaling force and does not change the habit of the rider operating the mechanical shifting system. Therefore, different gear ratios can still be chosen to match different road conditions and riding environments - for this reason, mid motors are more suitable for use on sport bicycles.


Moreover, it does not add any extra burden to the braking system, and the unsprung weight of the front and rear wheels does not change, having no impact on conventional braking performance. The waterproofing is a qualitative leap compared to hub motors.


Mid Motor Speed Sensor


The principle of speed sensing


By measuring the cadence to determine the need for assistance, the faster the cadence, the stronger the assistance; the slower the cadence, the weaker the assistance.


Advantages of speed sensing


The instantaneous power can reach the maximum output, and the assistance output is constant and smooth. Compared to torque sensors, it's simpler and less prone to damage.


Mid Motor Torque Sensor


The principle of torque sensing


The torque sensor obtains precise torque values by measuring the minute deformations on the surface of metal after the pedaling force is applied. It senses the changes in the rider's force on the pedals, crank, and bottom bracket, providing a more realistic feedback on the actual riding conditions. In scenarios such as low-speed climbing, even though both speed and cadence are low, the rider pedals harder, and the motor should respond to the torque sensor feedback by providing more power for assistance. This is closer to the real situation compared to a simple cadence sensor.


Advantages of torque sensing


It's currently the most power-efficient power assist motor system available. The speed of the bike can be easily controlled by pedaling cadence. The bike moves instantly when you pedal, and stops when you stop pedaling, without the need for power cut-off brake levers, making it safer. When climbing or accelerating, just pedal a bit harder, and the torque sensor will send a signal for more power, allowing for easy climbing.